Fig. 1. Measuring electrical indicators. (A) Electrodes are attached around the plastic trocar to measure current, voltage, and impedance. Each experiment was repeated in four trocars except for the trocar in which the laparoscopic camera was inserted. (B) This is the Fluke-287 True-RMS multimeter (Fluke, Everett, WA, USA) used at the time of the experiment.
© J Minim Invasive Surg
