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Review Article

J Minim Invasive Surg 2015; 18(1): 1-6

Published online March 15, 2015

https://doi.org/10.7602/jmis.2015.18.1.1

© The Korean Society of Endo-Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgery

Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Sang-Yong Son, M.D., Sang-Uk Han, M.D., Ph.D.

Author Info. +

Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea

Received: February 12, 2015; Accepted: March 4, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Go to

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer has rapidly gained popularity because of its shortterm benefits, including less blood loss, less postoperative pain, earlier postoperative recovery, and shorter hospital stay, compared to the conventional open method. Although the long-term results of phase III trials have yet to be published, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is now considered to be accepted for early-stage gastric cancer. As advances in instruments and the accumulation of laparoscopic experience increase, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is being used for advanced gastric cancer. However, due to the technical difficulty of performing D2 lymphadenectomy, this application remains controversial. Well-designed clinical trials will clarify the surgical feasibility and oncological safety of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in the near future.

Keywords Stomach neoplasms, Laparoscopy, Gastrectomy

REFERENCES

Go to
  1. Kitano S, Iso Y, Moriyama M, Sugimachi K. Laparoscopy-assisted Billroth I gastrectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1994;4:146-148.
    Pubmed
  2. Kitano S, Shiraishi N, Fujii K, Yasuda K, Inomata M, Adachi Y. A randomized controlled trial comparing open vs laparoscopyassisted distal gastrectomy for the treatment of early gastric cancer:an interim report. Surgery 2002;131:S306-311.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  3. Lee JH, Han HS, Lee JH. A prospective randomized study comparing open vs laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy in early gastric cancer: early results. Surg Endosc 2005;19:168-173.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  4. Lee SI, Choi YS, Park DJ, Kim HH, Yang HK, Kim MC. Comparative study of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and open distal gastrectomy. J Am Coll Surg 2006;202:874-880.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  5. Kim YW, Yoon HM, Yun YH, et al. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer:result of a randomized controlled trial (COACT 0301). Surg Endosc 2013;27:4267-4276.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  6. Kim HH, Hyung WJ, Cho GS, et al. Morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an interim report--a phase III multicenter, prospective, randomized Trial (KLASS Trial). Ann Surg 2010;251:417-420.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  7. Vinuela EF, Gonen M, Brennan MF, Coit DG, Strong VE. Laparoscopic versus open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and high-quality nonrandomized studies. Ann Surg 2012;255:446-456.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  8. Zeng YK, Yang ZL, Peng JS, Lin HS, Cai L. Laparoscopy-assisted versus open distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: evidence from randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials. Ann Surg 2012;256:39-52.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  9. Jiang L, Yang KH, Guan QL, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer: an update meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. Surg Endosc 2013;27:2466-2480.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Kanaya S, Kawamura Y, Kawada H, et al. The delta-shaped anastomosis in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: analysis of the initial 100 consecutive procedures of intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy. Gastric Cancer 2011;14:365-371.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  11. Chen K, Xu X, Mou Y, et al. Totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and Billroth II gastrojejunostomy for gastric cancer: short- and medium-term results of 139 consecutive cases from a single institution. Int J Med Sci 2013;10:1462-1470.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  12. Lee CM, Rao J, Son SY, et al. Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer with simultaneous organ resection. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2013;23:861-865.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  13. Son SY, Lee CM, Lee JH, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy with para-aortic lymphadenectomy after palliative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with isolated para-aortic lymph node metastasis. J Korean Surg Soc 2013;84:304-308.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  14. Son T, Hyung WJ, Lee JH, Kim YM, Noh SH. Minimally invasive surgery for serosa-positive gastric cancer (pT4a) in patients with preoperative diagnosis of cancer without serosal invasion. Surg Endosc 2014;28:866-874.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  15. Li P, Huang CM, Zheng CH, et al. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy in 108 consecutive patients with upper gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:11376-11383.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  16. Hu Y, Ying M, Huang C, et al. Oncologic outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a largescale multicenter retrospective cohort study from China. Surg Endosc 2014;28:2048-2056.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  17. Santoro R, Ettorre GM, Santoro E. Subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:13667-13680.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  18. Antonakis PT, Ashrafian H, Isla AM. Laparoscopic gastric surgery for cancer: where do we stand? World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:14280-14291.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  19. Ajani JA, Bentrem DJ, Besh S, et al. Gastric cancer, version 2.2013:featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2013;11:531-546.
    Pubmed
  20. Okines A, Verheij M, Allum W, Cunningham D, Cervantes A. Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010;21 Suppl 5:v50-54.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  21. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010 (ver. 3). Gastric Cancer 2011;14:113-123.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  22. Lee HJ, Shiraishi N, Kim HH, et al. Standard of practice on laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in Korea and Japan: experts'survey. Asian J Endosc Surg 2012;5:5-11.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  23. Kim HI, Hur H, Kim YN, et al. Standardization of D2 lymphadenectomy and surgical quality control (KLASS-02-QC): a prospective, observational, multicenter study [NCT01283893]. BMC Cancer 2014;14:209.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  24. Choi YY, Bae JM, An JY, Hyung WJ, Noh SH. Laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: are the long-term results comparable with conventional open gastrectomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol 2013;108:550-556.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  25. Park do J, Han SU, Hyung WJ, et al. Long-term outcomes after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a large-scale multicenter retrospective study. Surg Endosc 2012;26:1548-1553.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  26. Gordon AC, Kojima K, Inokuchi M, Kato K, Sugihara K. Longterm comparison of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and open distal gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2013;27:462-470.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  27. Fang C, Hua J, Li J, et al. Comparison of long-term results between laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and open gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Am J Surg 2014;208:391-396.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  28. Kim HH, Han SU, Kim MC, et al. Long-term results of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a large-scale case-control and case-matched Korean multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:627-633.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  29. Kim HH, Son SY, Ahn S, Han SU. Reply to M. Honda et al. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3201-3202.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  30. Kim HH, Han SU, Kim MC, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial (phase III) to comparing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with open distal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma (KLASS 01). J Korean Surg Soc 2013;84:123-130.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  31. Kim HH, Han SU, Kim MC, et al. ERRATUM: Correction for the number of the recruited patients and the participating institutions. Prospective randomized controlled trial (phase III) to comparing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with open distal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma (KLASS 01). Ann Surg Treat Res 2014;87:51-52.
    KoreaMed CrossRef
  32. Nakamura K, Katai H, Mizusawa J, et al. A phase III study of laparoscopy-assisted versus open distal gastrectomy with nodal dissection for clinical stage IA/IB gastric Cancer (JCOG0912). Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013;43:324-327.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  33. Yi Y, Yu J, Li B, et al. Pattern of lymph node metastases and its implication in radiotherapeutic clinical target volume delineation of regional lymph node in patients with gastric carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2010;96:223-230.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  34. Kanaya S, Haruta S, Kawamura Y, et al. Video: laparoscopy distinctive technique for suprapancreatic lymph node dissection: medial approach for laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. Surg Endosc 2011;25:3928-3929.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  35. Shinohara T, Hanyu N, Kawano S, et al. Clinical significance of medial approach for suprapancreatic lymph node dissection during laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. Surg Endosc 2014;28:16781685.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  36. Kanaya S, Gomi T, Momoi H, et al. Delta-shaped anastomosis in totally laparoscopic Billroth I gastrectomy: new technique of intraabdominal gastroduodenostomy. J Am Coll Surg 2002;195:284-287.
    CrossRef
  37. Du J, Shuang J, Li J, et al. Totally laparoscopic Billroth II gastrectomy with a novel, safe, simple, and time-saving anastomosis by only stapling devices. J Gastrointest Surg 2012;16:738-743.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  38. Motoyama K, Kojima K, Hayashi M, Kato K, Inokuchi M, Sugihara K. beta-Shaped intracorporeal Roux-en-Y reconstruction after totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Gastric Cancer 2014;17:588-593.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  39. Ahn SH, Son SY, Lee CM, Jung do H, Park do J, Kim HH. Intracorporeal uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy reconstruction in pure single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: unaided stapling closure. J Am Coll Surg 2014;218:e17-21.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  40. Yun SC, Choi HJ, Park JY, Kim YJ. Total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy. Am Surg 2014;80:E51-53.
    Pubmed
  41. Ikeda O, Sakaguchi Y, Aoki Y, et al. Advantages of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy over laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2009;23:2374-2379.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  42. Kim MG, Kawada H, Kim BS, et al. A totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy (TLDG) for improvement of the early surgical outcomes in high BMI patients. Surg Endosc 2011;25:1076-1082.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  43. Kim MG, Kim KC, Kim BS, et al. A totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy can be an effective way of performing laparoscopic gastrectomy in obese patients (body mass index>/=30). World J Surg 2011;35:1327-1332.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  44. Xuan Y, Hur H, Byun CS, Han SU, Cho YK. Efficacy of intraoperative gastroscopy for tumor localization in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for cancer in the middle third of the stomach. Surg Endosc 2013;27:4364-4370.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  45. Hyung WJ, Lim JS, Cheong JH, et al. Intraoperative tumor localization using laparoscopic ultrasonography in laparoscopicassisted gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2005;19:1353-1357.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  46. Kim HI, Hyung WJ, Lee CR, et al. Intraoperative portable abdominal radiograph for tumor localization: a simple and accurate method for laparoscopic gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2011;25:958-963.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  47. Kim BS, Yook JH, Kim BS, Jung HY. A simplified technique for tumor localization using preoperative endoscopic clipping and radio-opaque markers during totally laparoscopic gastrectomy. Am Surg 2014;80:1266-1270.
    Pubmed

Article

Review Article

J Minim Invasive Surg 2015; 18(1): 1-6

Published online March 15, 2015 https://doi.org/10.7602/jmis.2015.18.1.1

Copyright © The Korean Society of Endo-Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgery.

Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

Sang-Yong Son, M.D., Sang-Uk Han, M.D., Ph.D.

Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea

Received: February 12, 2015; Accepted: March 4, 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer has rapidly gained popularity because of its shortterm benefits, including less blood loss, less postoperative pain, earlier postoperative recovery, and shorter hospital stay, compared to the conventional open method. Although the long-term results of phase III trials have yet to be published, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is now considered to be accepted for early-stage gastric cancer. As advances in instruments and the accumulation of laparoscopic experience increase, laparoscopic distal gastrectomy is being used for advanced gastric cancer. However, due to the technical difficulty of performing D2 lymphadenectomy, this application remains controversial. Well-designed clinical trials will clarify the surgical feasibility and oncological safety of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in the near future.

Keywords: Stomach neoplasms, Laparoscopy, Gastrectomy

References

  1. Kitano S, Iso Y, Moriyama M, Sugimachi K. Laparoscopy-assisted Billroth I gastrectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1994;4:146-148.
    Pubmed
  2. Kitano S, Shiraishi N, Fujii K, Yasuda K, Inomata M, Adachi Y. A randomized controlled trial comparing open vs laparoscopyassisted distal gastrectomy for the treatment of early gastric cancer:an interim report. Surgery 2002;131:S306-311.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  3. Lee JH, Han HS, Lee JH. A prospective randomized study comparing open vs laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy in early gastric cancer: early results. Surg Endosc 2005;19:168-173.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  4. Lee SI, Choi YS, Park DJ, Kim HH, Yang HK, Kim MC. Comparative study of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and open distal gastrectomy. J Am Coll Surg 2006;202:874-880.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  5. Kim YW, Yoon HM, Yun YH, et al. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer:result of a randomized controlled trial (COACT 0301). Surg Endosc 2013;27:4267-4276.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  6. Kim HH, Hyung WJ, Cho GS, et al. Morbidity and mortality of laparoscopic gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for gastric cancer: an interim report--a phase III multicenter, prospective, randomized Trial (KLASS Trial). Ann Surg 2010;251:417-420.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  7. Vinuela EF, Gonen M, Brennan MF, Coit DG, Strong VE. Laparoscopic versus open distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and high-quality nonrandomized studies. Ann Surg 2012;255:446-456.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  8. Zeng YK, Yang ZL, Peng JS, Lin HS, Cai L. Laparoscopy-assisted versus open distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: evidence from randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials. Ann Surg 2012;256:39-52.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  9. Jiang L, Yang KH, Guan QL, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy versus open gastrectomy for resectable gastric cancer: an update meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials. Surg Endosc 2013;27:2466-2480.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  10. Kanaya S, Kawamura Y, Kawada H, et al. The delta-shaped anastomosis in laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: analysis of the initial 100 consecutive procedures of intracorporeal gastroduodenostomy. Gastric Cancer 2011;14:365-371.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  11. Chen K, Xu X, Mou Y, et al. Totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and Billroth II gastrojejunostomy for gastric cancer: short- and medium-term results of 139 consecutive cases from a single institution. Int J Med Sci 2013;10:1462-1470.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  12. Lee CM, Rao J, Son SY, et al. Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer with simultaneous organ resection. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2013;23:861-865.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  13. Son SY, Lee CM, Lee JH, et al. Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy with para-aortic lymphadenectomy after palliative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with isolated para-aortic lymph node metastasis. J Korean Surg Soc 2013;84:304-308.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  14. Son T, Hyung WJ, Lee JH, Kim YM, Noh SH. Minimally invasive surgery for serosa-positive gastric cancer (pT4a) in patients with preoperative diagnosis of cancer without serosal invasion. Surg Endosc 2014;28:866-874.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  15. Li P, Huang CM, Zheng CH, et al. Laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymphadenectomy in 108 consecutive patients with upper gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:11376-11383.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  16. Hu Y, Ying M, Huang C, et al. Oncologic outcomes of laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a largescale multicenter retrospective cohort study from China. Surg Endosc 2014;28:2048-2056.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  17. Santoro R, Ettorre GM, Santoro E. Subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:13667-13680.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  18. Antonakis PT, Ashrafian H, Isla AM. Laparoscopic gastric surgery for cancer: where do we stand? World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:14280-14291.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  19. Ajani JA, Bentrem DJ, Besh S, et al. Gastric cancer, version 2.2013:featured updates to the NCCN Guidelines. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2013;11:531-546.
    Pubmed
  20. Okines A, Verheij M, Allum W, Cunningham D, Cervantes A. Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010;21 Suppl 5:v50-54.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  21. Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines 2010 (ver. 3). Gastric Cancer 2011;14:113-123.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  22. Lee HJ, Shiraishi N, Kim HH, et al. Standard of practice on laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery in Korea and Japan: experts'survey. Asian J Endosc Surg 2012;5:5-11.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  23. Kim HI, Hur H, Kim YN, et al. Standardization of D2 lymphadenectomy and surgical quality control (KLASS-02-QC): a prospective, observational, multicenter study [NCT01283893]. BMC Cancer 2014;14:209.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  24. Choi YY, Bae JM, An JY, Hyung WJ, Noh SH. Laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: are the long-term results comparable with conventional open gastrectomy? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol 2013;108:550-556.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  25. Park do J, Han SU, Hyung WJ, et al. Long-term outcomes after laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer: a large-scale multicenter retrospective study. Surg Endosc 2012;26:1548-1553.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  26. Gordon AC, Kojima K, Inokuchi M, Kato K, Sugihara K. Longterm comparison of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy and open distal gastrectomy in advanced gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2013;27:462-470.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  27. Fang C, Hua J, Li J, et al. Comparison of long-term results between laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy and open gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for advanced gastric cancer. Am J Surg 2014;208:391-396.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  28. Kim HH, Han SU, Kim MC, et al. Long-term results of laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a large-scale case-control and case-matched Korean multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:627-633.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  29. Kim HH, Son SY, Ahn S, Han SU. Reply to M. Honda et al. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3201-3202.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  30. Kim HH, Han SU, Kim MC, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial (phase III) to comparing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with open distal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma (KLASS 01). J Korean Surg Soc 2013;84:123-130.
    Pubmed KoreaMed CrossRef
  31. Kim HH, Han SU, Kim MC, et al. ERRATUM: Correction for the number of the recruited patients and the participating institutions. Prospective randomized controlled trial (phase III) to comparing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with open distal gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma (KLASS 01). Ann Surg Treat Res 2014;87:51-52.
    KoreaMed CrossRef
  32. Nakamura K, Katai H, Mizusawa J, et al. A phase III study of laparoscopy-assisted versus open distal gastrectomy with nodal dissection for clinical stage IA/IB gastric Cancer (JCOG0912). Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013;43:324-327.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  33. Yi Y, Yu J, Li B, et al. Pattern of lymph node metastases and its implication in radiotherapeutic clinical target volume delineation of regional lymph node in patients with gastric carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2010;96:223-230.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  34. Kanaya S, Haruta S, Kawamura Y, et al. Video: laparoscopy distinctive technique for suprapancreatic lymph node dissection: medial approach for laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. Surg Endosc 2011;25:3928-3929.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  35. Shinohara T, Hanyu N, Kawano S, et al. Clinical significance of medial approach for suprapancreatic lymph node dissection during laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery. Surg Endosc 2014;28:16781685.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  36. Kanaya S, Gomi T, Momoi H, et al. Delta-shaped anastomosis in totally laparoscopic Billroth I gastrectomy: new technique of intraabdominal gastroduodenostomy. J Am Coll Surg 2002;195:284-287.
    CrossRef
  37. Du J, Shuang J, Li J, et al. Totally laparoscopic Billroth II gastrectomy with a novel, safe, simple, and time-saving anastomosis by only stapling devices. J Gastrointest Surg 2012;16:738-743.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  38. Motoyama K, Kojima K, Hayashi M, Kato K, Inokuchi M, Sugihara K. beta-Shaped intracorporeal Roux-en-Y reconstruction after totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Gastric Cancer 2014;17:588-593.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  39. Ahn SH, Son SY, Lee CM, Jung do H, Park do J, Kim HH. Intracorporeal uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy reconstruction in pure single-incision laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer: unaided stapling closure. J Am Coll Surg 2014;218:e17-21.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  40. Yun SC, Choi HJ, Park JY, Kim YJ. Total laparoscopic uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy after distal gastrectomy. Am Surg 2014;80:E51-53.
    Pubmed
  41. Ikeda O, Sakaguchi Y, Aoki Y, et al. Advantages of totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy over laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Surg Endosc 2009;23:2374-2379.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  42. Kim MG, Kawada H, Kim BS, et al. A totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy (TLDG) for improvement of the early surgical outcomes in high BMI patients. Surg Endosc 2011;25:1076-1082.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  43. Kim MG, Kim KC, Kim BS, et al. A totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy can be an effective way of performing laparoscopic gastrectomy in obese patients (body mass index>/=30). World J Surg 2011;35:1327-1332.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  44. Xuan Y, Hur H, Byun CS, Han SU, Cho YK. Efficacy of intraoperative gastroscopy for tumor localization in totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for cancer in the middle third of the stomach. Surg Endosc 2013;27:4364-4370.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  45. Hyung WJ, Lim JS, Cheong JH, et al. Intraoperative tumor localization using laparoscopic ultrasonography in laparoscopicassisted gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2005;19:1353-1357.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  46. Kim HI, Hyung WJ, Lee CR, et al. Intraoperative portable abdominal radiograph for tumor localization: a simple and accurate method for laparoscopic gastrectomy. Surg Endosc 2011;25:958-963.
    Pubmed CrossRef
  47. Kim BS, Yook JH, Kim BS, Jung HY. A simplified technique for tumor localization using preoperative endoscopic clipping and radio-opaque markers during totally laparoscopic gastrectomy. Am Surg 2014;80:1266-1270.
    Pubmed
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